Ka ọ dị ugbu a, e nwere ọtụtụ usoro mmepụta ihe maka ihe mejupụtara ihe mejupụtara, nke a pụrụ itinye n'ọrụ na mmepụta na imepụta ihe dị iche iche.Otú ọ dị, n'ịtụle nrụpụta mmepụta ihe mmepụta ihe na mmepụta ihe nke ụlọ ọrụ ụgbọ elu, karịsịa ụgbọ elu obodo, ọ dị ngwa ngwa iji melite usoro ọgwụgwọ iji belata oge na ọnụ ahịa.Prototyping ngwa ngwa bụ usoro nrụpụta ọhụrụ dabere n'ụkpụrụ nke nhazi dị iche na nke akpọrọ, nke bụ teknụzụ prototyping ngwa ngwa dị ọnụ ala.Teknụzụ ndị a na-ahụkarị gụnyere ịkpụzi mkpakọ, imepụta mmiri mmiri, na imepụta ihe mejupụtara thermoplastic.
1. Ebu ịpị ngwa ngwa prototyping technology
Nkà na ụzụ prototyping ngwa ngwa nke ịkpụzi bụ usoro nke na-etinye oghere prepreg n'ime oghere na-akpụzi, na mgbe emechiri ebu ahụ, a na-ejikọta oghere ndị ahụ ma sie ike site na kpo oku na nrụgide.Ọsọ ịkpụzi dị ngwa ngwa, nha ngwaahịa ahụ ziri ezi, yana ịdị mma ịkpụzi kwụsiri ike na otu.Ejikọtara ya na teknụzụ akpaaka, ọ nwere ike nweta mmepụta oke, akpaaka, na nrụpụta dị ọnụ ala nke carbon fiber composite structural components na ngalaba nke ụgbọ elu obodo.
Usoro ịkpụzi:
① Nweta ihe nchara ígwè dị elu nke na-adaba na akụkụ nke akụkụ ndị a chọrọ maka mmepụta, wee wụnye ihe oyiyi ahụ na pịa ma kpoo ya.
② Hazie ihe ndị mejupụtara chọrọ ka ọ bụrụ ọdịdị nke ebu.Preforming bụ nzọụkwụ dị oke mkpa na-enyere aka melite arụmọrụ nke akụkụ ndị emechara.
③ Fanye akụkụ ndị a kpụrụ akpụ n'ime ihe dị ọkụ.Wee mpikota onu ihe ebu na oke nrụgide, nke sitere na 800psi rue 2000psi (dabere n'osimiri nke akụkụ na udi ihe eji eme ya).
④ Mgbe ahapụchara nrụgide ahụ, wepụ akụkụ ahụ site na ebu ma wepụ ihe ọ bụla burrs.
Uru nke ịkpụzi:
N'ihi ihe dị iche iche, ịkpụzi bụ nkà na ụzụ na-ewu ewu.Otu n'ime ihe mere o ji ewu ewu bụ n'ihi na ọ na-eji ihe mgbagwoju anya eme ihe.E jiri ya tụnyere akụkụ ígwè, ihe ndị a na-esikarị ike, dị ọkụ, na-eguzogidekwa corrosion karịa, na-ebute ihe ndị nwere ihe eji arụ ọrụ ka mma.
Uru ọzọ nke ịkpụzi bụ ikike ya imepụta akụkụ dị mgbagwoju anya.Ọ bụ ezie na nkà na ụzụ a enweghị ike nweta ngwa ngwa mmepụta nke ịkpụzi injection plastik, ọ na-enyekwu ọdịdị geometric ma e jiri ya tụnyere ihe ndị nwere ihe mejupụtara.E jiri ya tụnyere ịkpụzi injection plastik, ọ na-enye ohere maka ogologo eriri ogologo, na-eme ka ihe ahụ sie ike.Ya mere, a pụrụ ịhụ ịkpụzi dị ka etiti n'etiti plastic injection ịkpụzi na laminated mejupụtara ihe n'ichepụta.
1.1 Usoro nhazi SMC
SMC bụ abbreviation maka mpempe akwụkwọ na-akpụ ihe mejupụtara, ya bụ, mpempe akwụkwọ na-akpụ ihe mejupụtara.Ihe mejupụtara akụrụngwa bụ isi nke yarn pụrụ iche nke SMC, resin na-edochaghị anya, ihe mgbakwunye dị ala, ihe ndochi, na mgbakwunye dị iche iche.Na mmalite 1960, ọ pụtara na mbụ na Europe.N'ihe dị ka afọ 1965, United States na Japan mebere teknụzụ a.N'ọgwụgwụ 1980s, China webatara ahịrị mmepụta SMC dị elu na usoro sitere na mba ofesi.SMC nwere uru dị ka ịrụ ọrụ ọkụ eletrik dị elu, nguzogide corrosion, ịdị arọ dị arọ, yana imepụta injinịa dị mfe ma na-agbanwe agbanwe.Ngwongwo ya nwere ike iji ya tụnyere ụfọdụ ihe igwe, ya mere a na-eji ya eme ihe na ụlọ ọrụ dịka njem, ihe owuwu, ngwá electronic, na injinịa eletrik.
1.2 BMC nhazi usoro
N'afọ 1961, ewepụtara ụlọ ọrụ na-akpụzi mpempe akwụkwọ na-adịghị mma (SMC) nke Bayer AG mepụtara na Germany.N'afọ ndị 1960, a malitere ịkwalite Bulk Molding Compound (BMC), nke a makwaara dị ka DMC (Dough Molding Compound) na Europe, bụ nke na-esighị ike na mmalite ya (1950s);Dị ka nkọwa ndị America si kwuo, BMC bụ BMC gbara ọkpụrụkpụ.Ka ha nabatachara teknụzụ ndị Europe, Japan enweela nnukwu ihe ịga nke ọma na ntinye na mmepe nke BMC, na ka ọ na-erule 1980s, nkà na ụzụ ahụ etoola nke ukwuu.Ka ọ dị ugbu a, matriks ejiri na BMC bụ resin polyester na-enweghị saturated.
BMC bụ nke plastik thermosetting.Dabere na njirimara ihe onwunwe, okpomọkụ nke gbọmgbọm ihe nke igwe na-akpụzi injection ekwesịghị ịdị elu nke ukwuu iji mee ka ihe na-asọba ngwa ngwa.Ya mere, na usoro ịkpụzi injection nke BMC, ịchịkwa okpomọkụ nke gbọmgbọm ihe dị ezigbo mkpa, na usoro nchịkwa ga-adịrịrị iji hụ na ọ dị mma nke okpomọkụ, iji nweta okpomọkụ kachasị mma site na ngalaba nri ruo nozulu.
1.3 Polycyclopentadiene (PDCPD) ịkpụzi
Polycyclopentadiene (PDCPD) ịkpụzi na-abụkarị matriks dị ọcha kama ịbụ plastik agbasiri ike.Ụkpụrụ usoro ịkpụzi PDCPD, bụ nke pụtara na 1984, bụ nke otu ụdị dị ka ịkpụzi polyurethane (PU), nke United States na Japan bụ nke mbụ mepụtara.
Telene, onye enyemaka nke ụlọ ọrụ Japan Zeon Corporation (nke dị na Bondues, France), enwetala nnukwu ihe ịga nke ọma na nyocha na mmepe nke PDCPD na ọrụ azụmahịa ya.
Usoro ịkpụzi RIM n'onwe ya dị mfe ịmegharị ma nwee ọnụ ahịa ọrụ dị ala ma e jiri ya tụnyere usoro dị ka ịgbasa FRP, RTM, ma ọ bụ SMC.Ọnụ ego ebu nke PDCPD RIM na-eji dị obere karịa nke SMC.Dịka ọmụmaatụ, igwe mkpuchi igwe nke Kenworth W900L na-eji shea nickel na nkedo aluminom, yana resin dị ala nke nwere nnukwu ike nke naanị 1.03, nke ọ bụghị naanị na-ebelata ọnụ ahịa kamakwa na-ebelata ibu.
1.4 Direct Online Forming nke Fiber Reinforced Thermoplastic Composite Materials (LFT-D)
N'ihe dị ka afọ 1990, ewebata LFT (Long Fiber Reinforced Thermoplastics Direct) n'ahịa na Europe na America.Ụlọ ọrụ CPI dị na United States bụ ụlọ ọrụ mbụ n'ụwa na-emepụta kpọmkwem n'ahịrị mejupụtara ogologo eriri na-eme ka thermoplastic na-akpụzi ngwa na nkà na ụzụ kwekọrọ (LFT-D, Direct In Line Mixing).Ọ banyere ọrụ azụmahịa na 1991 ma bụrụ onye ndu zuru ụwa ọnụ na mpaghara a.Diffenbarcher, ụlọ ọrụ German, na-enyocha teknụzụ LFT-D kemgbe 1989. Ugbu a, enwere LFT D, ahaziri LFT (nke nwere ike nweta nkwado mpaghara dabere na nrụgide nhazi), yana Advanced Surface LFT-D (elu a na-ahụ anya, elu elu. àgwà) teknụzụ.Site n'echiche nke ahịrị mmepụta, ọkwa nke mgbasa ozi Diffenbarcher dị oke elu.Usoro extrusion D-LFT nke ụlọ ọrụ nkwado German nọ n'ọkwá na-eduga na mba ụwa.
1.5 Teknụzụ nrụpụta nkedo na-enweghị ebu (PCM)
PCM (Ụkpụrụ na-erughị Nrụpụta nkedo) bụ nke Laser Rapid Prototyping Center nke Mahadum Tsinghua mepụtara.Ekwesịrị itinye teknụzụ prototyping ngwa ngwa na usoro nkedo ájá resin ọdịnala.Nke mbụ, nweta ihe nkedo CAD site na akụkụ CAD ụdị.A na-edobe faịlụ STL nke ihe nkedo CAD iji nweta ozi profaịlụ nke akụkụ, nke a na-eji ewepụta ozi nchịkwa.N'oge a na-akpụzi ihe, oghere nke mbụ na-efesa ihe nrapado ahụ n'ụzọ ziri ezi n'elu ájá nke ọ bụla site na njikwa kọmputa, ebe nozzle nke abụọ na-efesa ihe na-akpali akpali n'otu ụzọ ahụ.Ha abụọ na-enweta mmeghachi omume njikọ, na-eme ka oyi akwa aja sie ike site na oyi akwa ma na-akpụ ikpo.A na-ejikọta ájá dị na mpaghara ebe nrapado na onye na-emepụta ihe na-arụkọ ọrụ ọnụ, ebe ájá dị na mpaghara ndị ọzọ na-anọgide na steeti granular.Mgbe a gwọchara otu oyi akwa, a na-ejikọta oyi akwa na-esote, na mgbe a na-ejikọta akwa niile, a na-enweta oghere oghere.Aja mbụ ka bụ ájá akọrọ na mpaghara ebe a na-adịghị fesa nrapado, na-eme ka ọ dị mfe iwepụ.Site na ihichapụ ájá akọrọ na-adịghị agwọta n'etiti, enwere ike nweta ihe nkedo nke nwere oke mgbidi.Mgbe itinye ma ọ bụ impregnating agba n'ime ime nke ájá ebu, ọ nwere ike iji wụsa metal.
Ebe okpomọkụ nke usoro PCM na-adịkarị gburugburu 170 ℃.Ntu oyi n'ezie na nkewa oyi a na-eji na usoro PCM dị iche na ịkpụzi.Ịtọ oyi na oyi na-atụ na-agụnye iji nwayọọ nwayọọ na-etinye prepreg na ebu dị ka ihe nhazi ngwaahịa chọrọ mgbe ebu ahụ dị na njedebe oyi, wee mechie ebu ahụ na mpempe akwụkwọ na-emepụta mgbe ịtọchara ya iji nye ụfọdụ nrụgide.N'oge a, ebu na-ekpo ọkụ na-eji a ebu okpomọkụ igwe, na-emebu usoro bụ ebuli okpomọkụ si ụlọ okpomọkụ na 170 ℃, na kpo oku ọnụego kwesịrị ịgbanwe dị ka dị iche iche ngwaahịa.Ihe ka ọtụtụ n'ime ha bụ plastik a.Mgbe ọnọdụ okpomọkụ na-akpụ akpụ rutere n'obere okpomọkụ, a na-eme ihe mkpuchi na nchekwa nrụgide iji gwọọ ngwaahịa na okpomọkụ dị elu.Mgbe emechara ọgwụgwọ ahụ, ọ dịkwa mkpa iji igwe igwe na-ekpo ọkụ na-eme ka ọ dị jụụ na-ekpo ọkụ na-ekpo ọkụ na okpomọkụ, a na-etinyekwa ọkụ ọkụ na 3-5 ℃ / min, wee gaa n'ihu na oghere ebu na mmịpụta akụkụ.
2. Liquid akpụ teknụzụ
Teknụzụ na-emepụta mmiri mmiri (LCM) na-ezo aka n'usoro ihe eji eme ihe na-emepụta teknụzụ na-ebu ụzọ tinye eriri akọrọ na oghere mechiri emechi, wee gbanye resin mmiri n'ime oghere ebu mgbe emechiri ebu.N'okpuru nrụgide, resin na-asọpụta ma na-etinye eriri ndị ahụ.Tụnyere na-ekpo ọkụ na ịpị nwere ike akpụ usoro, LCM nwere ọtụtụ uru, dị ka adabara n'ichepụta akụkụ na elu akụkụ ziri ezi na mgbagwoju anya;Ọnụ ahịa nrụpụta dị ala na ọrụ dị mfe.
Karịsịa usoro RTM nrụgide dị elu mepụtara n'afọ ndị na-adịbeghị anya, HP-RTM (High Pressure Resin Transfer Molding), nke a na-ebelata dị ka usoro ịkpụzi HP-RTM.Ọ na-ezo aka na usoro ịkpụzi nke iji nrụgide dị elu iji gwakọta na ịgbanye resin n'ime oghere mkpuchi mkpuchi nke etinyebere ya na ihe agbakwunyere fiber na ihe etinyere tupu etinye ya, wee nweta ngwaahịa ihe mejupụtara ya site na ndochi resin, impregnation, ọgwụgwọ na ịkwatu. .Site n'ibelata oge ịgba ọgwụ, a na-atụ anya ijikwa oge nrụpụta nke ihe nhazi ụgbọ elu n'ime iri nkeji iri, nweta ọdịnaya fiber dị elu yana imepụta akụkụ dị elu.
Usoro nhazi HP-RTM bụ otu n'ime usoro nhazi ihe mejupụtara nke a na-ejikarị n'ọtụtụ ụlọ ọrụ.Uru ya na-adabere na ohere nke ịnweta ọnụ ala dị ala, obere okirikiri, mmepụta oke, na mmepụta dị elu (nke dị mma elu) ma e jiri ya tụnyere usoro RTM omenala.A na-eji ya n'ọtụtụ ụlọ ọrụ dị iche iche dị ka mmepụta ụgbọ ala, ụgbọ mmiri, mmepụta ụgbọ elu, ígwè ọrụ ugbo, njem ụgbọ oloko, ike ikuku, ngwa egwuregwu, wdg.
3. Thermoplastic mejupụtara ihe akpụ teknụzụ
N'ime afọ ndị na-adịbeghị anya, ihe ndị mejupụtara thermoplastic aghọwo ebe a na-eme nchọpụta na-emepụta ihe na-emepụta ihe na-emepụta ihe na-emepụta ma n'ime ụlọ na nke mba ụwa, n'ihi uru ha na-enwe mmetụta dị elu nke nkwụsi ike, ịdị elu siri ike, nkwụsị nke ukwuu, na ezigbo nkwụsị ọkụ.Ịgbado ọkụ na thermoplastic ihe mejupụtara nwere ike ibelata ọnụ ọgụgụ rivet na bolt njikọ n'ime ụlọ ụgbọ elu, na-eme ka mmepụta nke ọma dịkwuo mma na ibelata ọnụ ahịa mmepụta.Dị ka Airframe Collins Aerospace si kwuo, onye na-ebubata ihe owuwu ụgbọ elu nke mbụ, enweghị ọkụ ọkụ nwere ike ịmepụta ụlọ thermoplastic weldable nwere ike ime ka usoro mmepụta ihe dị mkpụmkpụ site na 80% ma e jiri ya tụnyere metal na thermosetting composite components.
Ojiji nke kacha adabara ego nke ihe, nhọrọ nke kasị echekwa usoro, ojiji nke ngwaahịa na kwesịrị ekwesị akụkụ, nweta nke predetermined imewe ihe mgbaru ọsọ, na mmezu nke ezigbo arụmọrụ na-eri ruru nke ngwaahịa bụ mgbe niile ntụziaka. mbọ maka ndị na-eme ihe mejupụtara.Ekwenyere m na a ga-emepụtakwu usoro ịkpụzi n'ọdịnihu iji gboo mkpa imepụta mmepụta.
Oge nzipu: Nov-21-2023
